Military iconography: The reply to this question was given a couple of years ago in ARLIS by an European colleague. It seems that the article is correct as far as it concerns European monuments and paintings, or works by European trained artists before the 20th century. In the United States some artists have ignored the traditional meaning of the symbols or have been creating their own. The citation as I recalled included the encyclopedia/dictionary where this information appeared. Maybe you could check the Arlis Archives? Gladys Markoff-Sotomayor Columbia University Libraries [log in to unmask] 212-854-4881//854-7564 __________________________________________________________________ Mail submissions to [log in to unmask] Administrative matters (file requests, subscription requests, etc) to [log in to unmask] ARLIS-L Archives and subscription maintenance: http://lsv.uky.edu/archives/arlis-l.html Questions may be addressed to list owner (Kerri Scannell) at: [log in to unmask]